The column body is cylindrical, and a tray (see plate column) or packing (see filled column) for supplying gas-liquid contact mass transfer is provided in the column.In a simple distillation column, only one stream of raw material is introduced into the column, and one stream of product is drawn from the top and bottom of the column.With the
development of chemical production, complex towers with multi - feed and multi - feed or intermediate heat transfer have
appeared.In practical production, several materials with the same composition but different composition often need to be
separated.If these materials are mixed and separated, the energy consumption is larger.For this reason, a plurality of feed ports can be set in the appropriate position of the tower body, and each type of material can be added into the tower respectively.For example, the pre-cooling process of demethanation in the cryogenic separation of cracked gas is to send four liquefied cracked gas with different composition and temperature into the demethanation tower at different positions for rectification.In a distillation column, the composition of gas-liquid phases changes gradually along the height of the column.Therefore, in the tower body at different heights set up the discharge port, can be composed of different products, which is called the side line discharge.Atmospheric pressure tower and vacuum pressure tower in petroleum refining industry are examples of different products obtained by side line discharging.
In the distillation column, the temperature of gas and liquid phases increases from top to bottom, with the lowest temperature at the top and the highest temperature at the bottom.If the temperature difference between the bottom of the tower and the top of the tower is large, the intermediate condenser can be set in the distillation section and the intermediate reboiler can be set in the stripping section to reduce the operation cost.Heating costs depend on the heat transfer and the temperature level of the heat carrier used.In the intermediate condenser set in the tower, the coolant with higher temperature and lower price can be used to make part of the rising gas condensate, so as to reduce the amount of low temperature coolant on the top of the tower.Similarly, the middle reboiler can use a lower temperature heating agent to vaporize part of the falling liquid to reduce the amount of high temperature heating agent in the reboiler at the bottom of the tower.PTFE non-stick coating can be continuously used at 250℃ high temperature, the highest use temperature up to 290-300℃, extremely low friction coefficient, good wear resistance and excellent chemical stability.